Recently, for instance, in the last semester of my MFA program at Notre Dame, a program considered to be ?experimental? ? ?too experimental? for Daddy Warbucks Nicholas Charles Sparks, who even declined further donation to a scholarship created in his name for low to working class ?experimenters? like myself, so unworthy of Big Daddy?s hard-earned bucks we are ? my class of prose writers were asked to write about their literary aesthetic in the form of a manifesto. Sounds fun, right? Unfortunately, most of these ?manifestos? were slightly lazy or uninspired. Definitely unserious and unthoughtful to a scary degree (not that most weren?t well written surface texts, which is possibly an apt metaphor for too many contemporary writers). Some of this attitude could be chalked up to end of the semester doldrums, but this sort of dullness on the intellectual side of writing, I?ve found, has been a consistent part of my experience with the creative writing community.
My graduate time has often seemed schizophrenic. (Which may not be a bad thing, necessarily, if we agree with Deleuze.) As a former philosophy major also interested in literary theory, I was surprised at how differently creative writers and literature majors viewed thought. Their worlds are binary worlds, with little thoughtful exchange. The former tend to be hostile, anxious, or dismissive of theory, holding an almost magical view of writerly knowledge or ?intuition? ? except for their naive beliefs in humanist or Enlightenment theory, which they accept uncritically and are unable or unwilling to perceive as theory (really old theory) ? while the latter tend to be highly reflective, understanding generally the political implications of their thought and, even in disagreement, pleased to engage in a serious exchange of ideas. Sadly, I have found myself too often bored and frustrated with my own writing community, confiding to lit PhDs or philosophy students about how dead thought is in creative writing circle
This isn?t to say that all writers are stupid and all critics are smart. In fact, one of the reasons this non-critical, non-reflective attitude bothers me so much is because so many writers have great minds. Some are even brilliant. Or could be. These writers are not limited in their imagination or intellect and, therefore, should not be limited in regards to creative thought. Instead, they limit themselves. They limit their own intellectual creativity and development. But why?
I believe this attitude is encouraged by a few different factors. One is obviously an unfortunate cultural inheritance from Romanticism: the notion of the genius writer or artist. Everyone wants to be Shakespeare, a (supposedly) natural born writer. A right-out-of-the-womb, ready-to-write genius. Early British criticism was obsessed with this idea (Pope, Dryden). Was it a writer?s natural wit and genius that made them great, or was it learning? The idea of being born a prodigy obviously has great appeal for the Ego. It?s easy for us artsy types, so used to being tormented by high school philistines, to find solace and yes, confidence, in thinking ourselves special babies. Miracle births. Ironic that a new brand of intellectual philistine or elitist (realist truthers?) is produced by so many MFA programs and literary journals from the rough clay of once promising thinkers.
There may indeed be something miraculous about writers ? I?m not completely willing to give this delusion up yet myself ? but there?s nothing miraculous about self-limitation. Particularly when this self-limitation, based on an apathy created by too much insecure love of self, makes writers afraid or too arrogant to explore a nearly endless horizon of historical thought, and in favor of? what? The writer?s ?unique? or intuitive ideas, which they imagine must come from someplace sublime and grassy, sunny, eternal ? God? Platonic heaven? ? anyplace other than transient culture, in all of its nomadic wanderings and pit stops. That is, somewhere else other than other people?s thought. In a way, writers are a sort of literary monster. They have the hubris, like Oedipus, to believe themselves independent of history. They have oracular words, not oral goo, pouring from their baby mouths.
One of the other factors that limits writers is the affirmative humanist ideology at work in most writing programs, how-to books, and in American literature and culture. This humanist ideology tends to be associated with realism in prose and the nostalgia of modernism, but it can also be found in too much gushy and insipid Romantic-nature poetry or lyrical prose that still tries to pass for inspired or ?original? thought. You know, original thoughts or intuitions about the healing power of Nature (not sharks) that might rejuvenate the corpses of Wordsworth or Emerson in their graves. Their bones must dance in delight for the singing poesy of the worms and maggots crawling through their marrow, apparently rebirthing their universal human Natures and Truths into coffin wood.
The key word here is not necessarily humanism, but ?affirmation.? Humanism could be critical; in fact, postmodernism can be seen as an effort to critique the problematic assumptions of Enlightenment humanisms, well-intentioned humanisms that have resulted in the affirmative programs of fascism, capitalism, and communism; programs that have birthed world wars, global poverty, environmental degradation, multiple genocides, class warfare, inequality, terrorism, and now the modern techno-panoptic surveillance state (i.e., the Emperor?s new droid army).
We can understand the problem of affirmation in American literature when we consider the case of John Gardner?s hard ideological stance on the near mathematical necessity of stapling free will onto ?the art of fiction.? All characters, says John, lose their humanity and become only pointless objects of scientific interest when portrayed without the possibility of free will. Gardner, mind you, doesn?t ever argue for free will, a very contentious and problematic concept in the history of thought. He simply believes it. For him, it?s a matter of faith, a necessary presupposition that all ?interesting? writers must make, unquestioned. While I think it?s fine for John to maintain whatever faith in realist magic he likes (he would probably believe in Marilynne Robinson?s ?realistic fiction,? too, which reads more like a Stepford delirium
John?s hard truth is one opinion. An affirmative opinion. In other words, it affirms a popular myth of humanism that may actually hurt humanity more than it helps by ameliorating our alienation with contemporary culture. Affirmative art and entertainment seek to hide our hemorrhaging by bolstering the human Ego and its belief systems rather than critiquing them, and this Truthy malignancy spreads almost invisibly through the community of writers while they internalize helpful tips on style and metaphor. As a result, too many writers are robbed of their imagination and find in its place an inky clot that can only reiterate convenient fables of state.
The answer to affirmative writing and affirmative culture is criticism. Criticism is a resistance to the myths that make us feel too good about ourselves; that allow us to grow complacent; that allow our bodies to ameliorate a hemorrhaging that could, if it were left to bleed totally out, lead to radical change. But resistance requires thought, stepping outside of one?s comfortable, inherited belief system, and having a critical dialogue with oneself and others about truths that seem natural, although they are really only constructed or normalized tales. This requires, for writers and artists, an understanding of what your style and aesthetics convey despite your delusions of genius; of perceiving the world differently with counter strategies of thought and writing.
Art is not merely beauty for the sake of beauty, or writing for the sake of writing, or experimentation for the sake of experimentation;? art is definitely not the mere affirmation of a constructed Self: art is a way of seeing the world differently so perception and culture can be changed as often as it takes to flee an all-consuming monologic, to escape a metanarrative that disposes of the other like a commodity with its only purpose being to arrive at its own identity, to
Without solid technologies of resistance to affirmative culture, the literary community becomes a mere synonym for the entertainment industry and ceases to function as a legitimate counterdiscourse. A first step in the right direction would be a creative writing theory and community that resists by casting off the old affirmative stylistics and technologies of traditional realism and New Criticism and replacing them with the tech of the avant garde and postmodernism.
(Next time on mixer: more about techs of resistance. What the f? are they?)
Source: http://blog.mixerpublishing.com/?p=2203
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Users on Xiaomi devices will now be able to send international text messages faster and more reliably, it said. The Chinese smartphone maker just announced its enterprise international SMS platform at the Mobile Asia Expo event in Shanghai. The new service looks like it’ll rival Apple’s iMessage service in function, but is based entirely on SMS technology. That means that while iMessage requires a data or Wi-Fi connection, Xiaomi messages will go through SAP’s global gateway of over 990 operators globally, an SAP representative said. It will also likely be more reliable, because fewer packets are required to transmit SMS compared with data-based messages such as those exchanged over WhatsApp or iMessage. That means it’s more likely to send successfully if you have patchy connectivity, and will work if you’re traveling with data roaming switched off. SAP also said that the service won’t be an extra subscription for users since it’s based on SMS. Messages sent will just come out of your regular SMS quota or be charges as ordinary text messages. Xiaomi’s service is built on SAP’s SMS 365 platform (which SAP acquired by purchasing?enterprise messaging company?Sybase in 2010?for $5.8 billion).?Prior to its acquisition, Sybase was one of the world’s largest SMS and MMS exchanges in the world. In 2010, it delivered messages at a rate of 32,000 per second all year round. Xiaomi also has a consumer messaging app called Mi Talk?is a closer rival to Whatsapp?and WeChat. It has a relatively small base compared with the latter two, however. Mi Talk reportedly has about 23 million registered users, while WeChat has 300 million?and 50 million of those active monthly. WhatsApp has 200 million active monthly users. The launch of the messaging service follows Xiaomi’s recent launch outside of its home country to neighboring Taiwan and Hong Kong. The smartphone maker is known for its powerful but relatively low-priced smartphones.?The company?s newly launched flagship, the Mi-2S, is priced at just $373 (RMB 2299). Xiaomi reportedly makes 10 percent profit on its handsets, which exceeds the margins of other domestic players like Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo.
